Learn Electronics
The Hands-On Way

Interactive calculators and references for makers, hobbyists, and anyone curious about how circuits work.

9V RESISTORSHACK + 150Ω → LED Calculator

// Tools & References

Ω

Ohm's Law Calculator

Calculate voltage, current, resistance, and power. Enter any two values, get the rest.

V = I × R

Resistor Color Codes

Decode those tiny colored bands. Works for 4, 5, and 6-band resistors.

Brown-Black-Red = 1kΩ

LED Resistor Calculator

Find the right resistor for your LED circuit. Supports common LED types and voltages.

R = (Vs - Vf) / I
104

Capacitor Codes

Decode ceramic capacitor markings. Enter 3-digit code or find code from value.

104 = 100nF = 0.1µF
0x2A

Binary/Hex Converter

Convert between bases with interactive bit visualization and bitwise operations.

42 = 0x2A = 0b101010
0x41

ASCII Reference

Searchable, sortable ASCII table with decimal, hex, binary, and descriptions.

65 = 0x41 = 'A'

Voltage Divider

Calculate output voltage or resistor values for voltage divider circuits.

Vout = Vin × R2/(R1+R2)

555 Timer Calculator

Design astable and monostable 555 circuits. Get frequency, duty cycle, and timing.

f = 1.44 / ((R1+2R2)×C)
τ

RC Time Constant

Calculate τ and visualize charge/discharge curves. Find time to target voltage.

τ = R × C

Wire Gauge (AWG)

AWG reference chart with current capacity, resistance, and voltage drop calculator.

Vdrop = I × R

Resistor Quiz

Test your color code skills! Random resistors, instant feedback, track your score.

What's this value?
☀️

Solar Calculator

Size your off-grid solar system. Panel output, battery capacity, optimal tilt angle.

Wh = W × Sun Hours × η

Unit Converter

Convert dBm↔watts, frequency↔wavelength, capacitance, reactance, and more.

0 dBm = 1 mW

PCB Trace Calculator

Calculate minimum trace width for current capacity using IPC-2221 standards.

I = k × ΔT⁰·⁴⁴ × A⁰·⁷²⁵
U1

Reference Designators

Complete guide to PCB component labels: R, C, U, Q, D and 40+ more with schematic symbols.

R = Resistor, C = Capacitor

// Quick Reference

Ohm's Law

V = I × R I = V / R R = V / I

Power

P = V × I P = I² × R P = V² / R

Series Resistors

Rtotal = R₁ + R₂ + R₃...

Parallel Resistors

1/Rt = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂...